We found nootkatone, a sesquiterpene ketone, isolated from vetiver oil is a strong repellent and toxicant to formosan subterranean termites. Formosan definition of formosan by the free dictionary. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus is native to southern china and has been brought to many other regions in the world. Coptotermes formosanus is not likely to be a limiting factor for fur ther expansion of c. We examined the behavior of formosan subterranean termites toward one of the components of vetiver grass oil, the roots of which manufacture insect repellents. Formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus order. We conducted a laboratory study using method modified from those described in standard e109 of the american wood protection association awpa 2009 to assess the termite resistance of three. Pdf a case study of the formosan subterranean termite. Pdf trailfollowing behavior of coptotermes formosanus. The three castes of termites include the workers, soldiers and reproductives.
Formosan the austronesian languages spoken on formosa austronesian language, austronesian the family of languages spoken in australia and. Coptotermes formosanus shiraki, 1909 taxonomic serial no 650469 download help coptotermes formosanus tsn 650469 taxonomy and nomenclature kingdom. Rayap pekerja menyediakan makanan, prajurit melindungi sarang, dan reproduksi atau reproduktif mengembangkan koloni. The formosan subterranean termite acquired its name because it was first described in taiwan in the early 1900s, but coptotermes formosanus is probably endemic to taiwan and southern china. A case study of the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus isoptera. Coptotermes is a genus of termites in the family rhinotermitidae. Because of their cryptic nature underground habitat and very long life cycle, not much is known about molting in termite workers. Subterranean termites are social insects with five distinct forms castes.
The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus, with its huge colonies, is a major urban pest in several southern states and hawaii as well as in south asia. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the tunneling systems of c. Coptotermes the top subterranean termite pests termite web. In the 20th century, it became established in south africa, sri lanka, hawaii, and the continental united states.
They perform all the tasks required to maintain a colony. The relationship between the moisture content mc of wood blocks and the feeding activities of two japanese subterranean termites, coptotermes formosanus shiraki and reticulitermes speratus kolbe, was investigated with two choice tests. Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in asia and the pacific region. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki isoptera. The results indicated that these two termite species construct quantitatively different tunnel systems. Rhinotermitidae is a serious pest that infests economically important crops and structures such as houses, buildings, boats, utility poles and underground telephone cables. Cross reaction between formosan termite coptotermes.
This page was last edited on 9 december 2014, at 02. Soldiers have an orangebrown, ovalshaped, head with curved mandibles and are responsible for defending the colony. Preferences of coptotermes formosanus shiraki and coptotermes. Analysis of building materials damageable by termites in. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, was first described as a species in 1909 from specimens collected on the asian island of formosa. In contrast to the laboratory arenas, which were permanently backlit, field. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Wherever there is wood cellulose and moisture there is the possibility that this species can inhabit that location. Behavioral and chemical ecology of formosan subterranean termites, coptotermes formosanus shiraki a dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty of the louisiana state university and agricultural and mechanical college in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the department of entomology by jian chen.
In the 1600s the termite was transported to japan, and later brought to hawaii in the late 1800s. Weste osbrink, 2george sturtz3 and alan lax 1usdaars, natural products utilization research unit, po box 8048, university, ms 38677, usa 2usdaarssrrc, formosan subterranean research unit, 1100. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, coptotermes. It is now generally accepted that the termite is native to china and it is formosa. Baiting studies and considerations with coptotermes formosanus isoptera. Coptotermes formosanus formosan subterranean termite. Formosan synonyms, formosan pronunciation, formosan translation, english dictionary definition of formosan. Research article cross reaction between formosan termite coptotermes formosanus proteins andcockroach allergens christopher p. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Alate head capsules of coptotermes gestroi wasmann left and coptotermes formosanus shiraki.
The length of wing hairs is somewhat shorter in coptotermes gestroi than in coptotermes formosanus. Coptotermes formosanus excavated fewer, wider tunnels and it was difficult to estimate feeding rates by looking through those jars. The formosan subterranean termite was first introduced to new orleans after world war. The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus is recognized as one of the most important invasive pest species. Odontotermes formosanus, one of the subterranean and fungusgrowing termites, is distributed in the southern areas of north latitude 35 in china and burma, thailand, okinawa of japan, and other. Pdf genetic diversity and colony breeding structure in.
In addition, our homes are at risk much earlier in the year. Aug 08, 2018 the formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus is an infamous termite pest species, but it is also an interesting model for studying the evolution of termites and a termitecontrol twofer. Formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus. Rhinotermitidae article pdf available in insect science january 2015 with 327 reads how we measure reads.
In coptotermes formosanus the antennal spots are barely, if at all, visible. This termite species has been estimated to cause damage valued at one billion dollars annually in the united states of america and. Plantderived natural products exhibiting activity against. As with many historic structures in the french quarter, these two landmarks have sustained chronic infestations by c. Feeding activities of coptotermes formosanus shiraki and. The genus is thought to have originated in southeastern asia. More recently, molecular genetic techniques have made it possible to determine relatedness between colonies and to investigate the. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Pdf comparative study of tunneling and feeding preferences.
Soda pdf is the solution for users looking to merge multiple files into a single pdf document. Floridas hot and humid climate is ideal for several species of termites. In the usa, coptotermes formosanus is the top termite pest having been introduced into the country 50 years ago. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Subterranean termites coptotermes formosanus jaya pest. Rhinotermitidae transported with a noncellulosic commercial carrier in south mississippi. Crossreaction between formosan termite coptotermes. Established in several tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The majority of individuals in a colony are workers.
The formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, and the asian subterranean termite, coptotermes gestroi wasmann, are both pests of wood in service in hawaii and florida. This free online tool allows to combine multiple pdf or image files into a single pdf document. In most social insects, intercolonial and interspecific aggression are expressions of territoriality. Odontotermes formosanus formosan subterranean termite.
How baiting one colony of formosan subterranean termites can knock out the colony next door. It is now generally accepted that the termite is native to china and it is considered a serious structural pest whenever it occurs. In australia, coptotermes acinaciformis is regarded as the most serious termite pest. The formosan termite coptotermes formosanus is an invasive species of termite.
How baiting one colony of formosan subterranean termites can. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Mar 31, 2015 formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus, is the most widely distributed and most economically important wood destroying insect. Colonies are typically located in the ground with galleries extending into surrounding. In the 20th century, it became established in south africa, sri lanka, hawaii, and the continental united states the formosan termite is often nicknamed the supertermite because of its. Molting in workers of the formosan subterranean termite. Both species have a large fontanelle, when viewed from above, both also have a tear dropshaped head. Immunerelated transcriptome of coptotermes formosanus. Formosan subterranean termites are the most destructive subterranean termite in the world wherever they occur osbrink et al.
It has been transported worldwide from its native range in southern china to formosa taiwan, where it gets its name and japan. The soldiers of c formosanus resemble those of c gestroi. Slater6 1 southern regional research center, agricultural research. Easily combine multiple files into one pdf document. This document is eeny121, one of a series of the entomology and nematology department, ufifas extension. The honeycomblike carton nests can be as large as 11. Behavioral and chemical ecology of formosan subterranean. Warmer seasons marks the beginning of termites swarms for homeowners in the united states. Combine multiple pdf files into one pdf, try foxit pdf merge tool online free and easy to use. Analysis of building materials damageable by termites in hong kong by.
Coptotermes formosanus is a subterranean termite with an affinity for damp places. Formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki. Baits were applied using both aboveground and inground stations between late 1996 and early 1997. This destructive species was apparently transported to japan prior to the 1600s and to hawaii in the late 1800s su and tamashiro 1987. Nootkatone is a repellent for formosan subterranean. There are about seventyone species, many of which are economically destructive pests. Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can. Only one block of redwood was covered completely with.
Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Toxicity interaction of fipronil and imidacloprid against. Tunneling behavior and the spatial dispersion of tunnels constructed by the subterranean termites coptotermes formosanus shiraki and coptotermes gestroi wasmann formerly known as c. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc.
Phylogeography, interspecific competition, and control of. Pdf interspecific competition and territory defense. Panic escape polyethism in worker and soldier coptotermes formosanus isoptera. Termites in both the field and laboratory arenas were allowed to tunnel for a period of 7 days. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. The formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus is an infamous termite pest species, but it is also an interesting model for studying the evolution of termites and a termitecontrol twofer. Eeny121 formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki insecta. In termites, cuticular hydrocarbons chcs have been extensively studied for their role in nestmate recognition and aggressive discrimination of nonnestmates. Comparison of tunneling in the laboratory and field by the. Crossreaction between formosan termite coptotermes formosanus proteins and cockroach allergens christopher p.
Merge pdf online combine pdf files for free foxit software. Formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus. Formosan subterranean termite coptotermes formosanus distribution. Coptotermes formosanus and coptotermes gestroi blattodea. Rhinotermitidae exhibit quantitatively different tunneling patterns. Cottone4, claudia riegel4, yvette brenmattison5, jay e. Cellulosic materials, such as railway cross ties, woodbased mulches, infested tree debris, etc. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. Since formosan termite workers look very much like workers of other termite groups, the soldiers and winged alates are the castes that are useful to provide a correct identification.
331 633 1394 89 7 602 106 450 1527 990 12 167 440 1302 287 209 1096 140 839 570 1214 532 1582 1112 518 1182 1235 1564 1103 1358 14 1283 289 28 391 27 1283 30 336 31 960 98 935 230